{"id":3459,"date":"2021-11-16T10:00:23","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T09:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hydrosciences.org\/?p=3459"},"modified":"2024-11-18T14:58:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T13:58:00","slug":"impacts-hydro-sedimentaires-des-feux-et-de-la-faune-envahissante-dans-le-bv-de-la-thiem-nouvelle-caledonie-caroline-tramier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hydrosciences.org\/?p=3459&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Impacts hydro-s\u00e9dimentaires des feux et de la faune envahissante dans le BV de la Thiem (Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie) – Caroline TRAMIER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Soutenance de th\u00e8se le 23 novembre 2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie les incendies et les ongul\u00e9s envahissants (cerfs et cochons) font partie des menaces les plus lourdes pesant sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. Au sein de la zone c\u00f4ti\u00e8re nord-est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un climat tropical humide (2400 mm de pr\u00e9cipitations par an), la pression du feu entraine aux basses et moyennes altitudes la contraction progressive des for\u00eats aux talwegs, \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019un paysage de type mosa\u00efque compos\u00e9 de savanes r\u00e9sistantes aux feux et de for\u00eats.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette \u00e9tude vise \u00e0 comprendre les impacts de ces deux types de menace sur le r\u00e9gime hydrologique du bassin versant de la Thiem, o\u00f9 une forte diminution des d\u00e9bits d\u2019\u00e9tiage a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e durant les derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Le ruissellement issu de cinq surfaces de drainage allant de l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la parcelle (100 m2) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du petit bassin versant (3 km2) et l\u2019\u00e9rosion sur trois d\u2019entre elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9s pour quantifier les r\u00e9ponses hydro-s\u00e9dimentaire de diff\u00e9rentes surfaces caract\u00e9ristiques de la zone d\u2019\u00e9tude.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des coefficients d\u2019\u00e9coulement et des taux d\u2019\u00e9rosion pathologiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exutoire de la parcelle foresti\u00e8re fortement impact\u00e9e par les ongul\u00e9s et du bassin versant de 3.1 km2 dont la couverture est \u00e0 76 % foresti\u00e8re. Cela s\u2019explique par la fragmentation de la for\u00eat et par la pression des ongul\u00e9s envahissants qui cr\u00e9ent des irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s dans les profils de sols le long des chemins d\u2019\u00e9coulement, ce qui rompt la continuit\u00e9 des \u00e9coulements de subsurface, composants majoritaires du bilan hydrologique de cette zone d\u2019\u00e9tude caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des sols fortement anisotropes. L\u2019exfiltration des \u00e9coulements de subsurface qui en r\u00e9sulte favorise l\u2019\u00e9rosion et renforce le ruissellement superficiel, exacerbant les d\u00e9bits de crue. L\u2019eau participant aux crues n\u2019a jamais l\u2019occasion de recharger les ressources profondes alimentant les rivi\u00e8res en saison s\u00e8che, ce explique la diminution des d\u00e9bits d\u2019\u00e9tiage. Une r\u00e9troaction positive entre l\u2019\u00e9rosion et la discontinuit\u00e9 des \u00e9coulements de subsurface est mise en \u00e9vidence. Un r\u00e9gime hydrologique sain ne peut donc \u00eatre restaur\u00e9 qu\u2019au travers de la mise en place d\u2019actions de gestion concr\u00e8tes visant \u00e0 limiter le ruissellement superficiel et l\u2019\u00e9rosion.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une attention particuli\u00e8re doit \u00eatre apport\u00e9e aux bassins versants de captages d\u2019eau de consommation. Le feu doit y \u00eatre absolument banni. Des plantations localis\u00e9es strat\u00e9giquement, en particulier au niveau des lisi\u00e8res foresti\u00e8res, ainsi que des actions de r\u00e9gulation des ongul\u00e9s sont recommand\u00e9es.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Soutenance de th\u00e8se le 23 novembre 2021 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : En Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie les incendies et les ongul\u00e9s envahissants (cerfs et cochons) font partie des menaces les plus lourdes pesant sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. Au sein de la zone c\u00f4ti\u00e8re nord-est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un climat tropical humide (2400 mm de pr\u00e9cipitations par an), la pression du feu …<\/p>\n

Impacts hydro-s\u00e9dimentaires des feux et de la faune envahissante dans le BV de la Thiem (Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie) – Caroline TRAMIER<\/span> Lire la suite \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27,105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-toutes-les-actualites","category-actualite-these-de-doctorat"],"yoast_head":"\nImpacts hydro-s\u00e9dimentaires des feux et de la faune envahissante dans le BV de la Thiem (Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie) - Caroline TRAMIER - HydroSciences Montpellier<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hydrosciences.org\/?p=3459&lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Impacts hydro-s\u00e9dimentaires des feux et de la faune envahissante dans le BV de la Thiem (Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie) - Caroline TRAMIER - HydroSciences Montpellier\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Soutenance de th\u00e8se le 23 novembre 2021 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 : En Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie les incendies et les ongul\u00e9s envahissants (cerfs et cochons) font partie des menaces les plus lourdes pesant sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes forestiers. 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